Gum Diseases (Periodontology)
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What Are Gum Diseases (Periodontology)?
Periodontology is the branch of dentistry that aims to protect, diagnose, and treat the health of the gums, jawbone, and connective tissues surrounding the teeth.
Gum diseases usually progress silently and, if not detected early, can lead to tooth loss. Healthy gums should be pink, firm in texture, and free from bleeding.
What Are the Causes of Gum Diseases?
The most common cause of gum disease is bacterial plaque that accumulates on the teeth. Over time, this plaque hardens into tartar and causes inflammation.
The main causes are:
Poor oral hygiene
Smoking
Genetic predisposition
Hormonal changes (pregnancy, puberty, menopause)
Stress and a weak immune system
Tartar buildup
Improperly fitted dentures or fillings
What Are the Symptoms of Gum Diseases?Early diagnosis prevents the progression of the disease.If the following symptoms are noticed, a dentist should be consulted immediately:
Bleeding while brushing or biting
Bad breath (halitosis)
Swelling, redness, or recession of the gums
A feeling of looseness in the teeth
Inflammation or abscess along the gum line
Darkening of the gum color
What Are the Stages of Gum Diseases?
Gingivitis (Gum Inflammation):This is the early stage. The gums become red, swollen, and bleed during brushing. If left untreated, it progresses.
Periodontitis:
The connective tissue and bone beneath the gum are affected. Teeth may become loose, and gum recession occurs.Advanced Periodontitis:
Severe bone loss occurs in the jaw, and tooth extraction may be necessary.
How Are Gum Diseases Treated?
The treatment method is determined according to the stage of the disease:
Professional Teeth Cleaning: Plaque and tartar are removed.
Curettage (Deep Cleaning): The inflamed tissues in the gum pocket are cleaned.
Laser Periodontal Treatment: A minimally invasive method that provides fast healing.
Surgical Interventions: If there is bone loss or gum recession, surgical treatment is applied.
Supportive Treatment: Includes the use of antibiotics, regular check-ups, and hygiene education.
Ways to Prevent Gum Diseases
Brushing your teeth at least twice a day
Using dental floss or an interdental brush
Visiting the dentist regularly
Avoiding smoking and tobacco products
Maintaining a balanced diet and drinking enough water
Supporting oral hygiene with mouthwash
What Happens If Gum Diseases Are Not Treated?
Untreated gum diseases can lead to the following consequences:
Gum recession
Exposure of the tooth root
Bone loss in the jaw
Tooth loss
Complications associated with systemic diseases (cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, etc.)
