What Is Gum Disease?
Gum diseases (periodontal diseases) are conditions caused by inflammation of the gum and bone tissue surrounding the teeth. Initially seen as redness and bleeding in the gums, this condition can progress to tooth loss if left untreated.
Most Common Symptoms
- Bleeding while brushing or flossing
- Swelling and redness in the gums
- Bad breath (halitosis)
- Loosening or shifting of the teeth
- Sensitivity to cold and hot
These symptoms are often painless and therefore overlooked by patients. However, early diagnosis makes prevention possible.
What Causes It?
The main cause of gum diseases is plaque buildup. Plaque is a sticky film of bacteria that accumulates on the surface of the teeth. If not cleaned regularly, it turns into tartar and irritates the gums.
Other contributing factors include:
- Smoking
- Stress
- Hormonal changes
- Genetic predisposition
- Diabetes (high blood sugar)
Treatment Methods
- Professional Dental Cleaning (Scaling):
Removal of plaque and tartar helps the gums to heal. - Curettage and Deep Cleaning:
In advanced cases, bacteria within the gum pocket are removed and the tissue is reshaped. - Laser Gum Treatment:
A modern method that provides painless, suture-free, and fast healing. - Surgical Intervention:
Applied in cases where the infection has progressed to the bone.
Prevention Tips
Maintain a balanced diet and ensure adequate vitamin C intake.
Brush your teeth at least twice a day.
Use dental floss or an interdental brush.
Have a dental check-up twice a year.
Limit tobacco and alcohol consumption.
